Roelcke v. Zip Aviation, LLC
Roelcke v. Zip Aviation, LLC
2020 WL 5752228 (S.D.N.Y. 2020)
September 25, 2020

Cott, James L.,  United States Magistrate Judge

Failure to Produce
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Summary
The Court found that the interrogatories violated Rule 33 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and Local Rule 33.3(a). The Court reviewed each interrogatory seriatim and determined which were more practical to answer through interrogatories and which were better addressed through a deposition or request for documents. The Court encouraged the parties to work together to resolve their disputes with a minimum of judicial intervention.
KATHARINA ROELCKE, Plaintiff,
v.
ZIP AVIATION, LLC, et al., Defendants
15-CV-6284 (JGK) (JLC)
United States District Court, S.D. New York
September 25, 2020
Cott, James L., United States Magistrate Judge

MEMORANDUM ORDER

*1 By letter-motion dated September 10, 2020, Defendants in this employment discrimination and breach of contract action seek an order compelling Plaintiff to remedy alleged deficiencies in her interrogatory responses to Defendants’ first set of interrogatories. Dkt. No. 82. Plaintiff has responded by letter dated September 17, 2020 (Dkt. No. 85) that Defendants’ interrogatories violate Rule 33 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure because there are more than 25 interrogatories, including discrete subparts. In addition, Plaintiff argues that the interrogatories go beyond permissible boundaries placed by this Court's Local Rule 33.3. She contends that a deposition is a more practical method of obtaining the information sought in the interrogatories.
 
As a threshold matter, the Court rejects Plaintiff's argument that there are more than 25 interrogatories presented. There are only 8 interrogatories, and each one deals with a discrete subject: interrogatory No. 1 (each position Plaintiff held at Zip Aviation (“Zip”) and Manhattan Helicopter Services (“MH”)); No. 2 (Plaintiff's educational background); No. 3 (Plaintiff's background and qualifications in the aviation industry prior to 2007); No. 4 (every lawsuit Plaintiff has filed); No. 5 (every physical injury Plaintiff alleges that defendant Shoshani caused); No. 6 (every medical condition with which Plaintiff has been diagnosed during the relevant time period); No. 7 (every mental health or psychiatric condition with which Plaintiff has been diagnosed during the relevant time period); and No. 8 (Plaintiff's immigration status from 2007 to present). Only one of the 8 interrogatories has explicit subparts (interrogatory number 1) and to the extent some or all of the others can be construed to have subparts, they are all “logically or factually subsumed” and “necessarily related to the primary question.” Rouvier v. DuPuy Orthopaedics, Inc., No. 18-CV-4814 (LJL) (SDA), 2020 WL 1080775, at *2 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 7, 2020).
 
Defendants argue that this case is “far past the commencement of discovery” and therefore Plaintiff's invocation of Local Rule 33.3(a) is inapposite. I disagree. As was established at the August 26 pretrial conference, the parties were barely out of the starting gate discovery-wise at that time, and accordingly were seeking a lengthy extension of the discovery period. Local Rule 33.3(a) contemplates the use of interrogatories at the commencement of discovery (“commencement interrogatories”) only to obtain certain discrete information (i.e., names of witnesses, damages computation, location and custodian of relevant documents etc.), and the interrogatories in question run afoul of those limitations. But even if the Court accepts Defendants’ argument that the parties are actually further along in discovery, Local Rule 33.3(b) provides that “during discovery, interrogatories other than those seeking information” from the commencement interrogatories (“during discovery interrogatories”) may only be utilized “if they are a more practical method of obtaining the information sought that a request for production or a deposition,” or if the Court orders their usage.[1]
 
*2 It is readily apparent that Defendants’ interrogatories all exceed the limitations of Local Rule 33.3(a), and they do not suggest otherwise. The real issue is whether, as during discovery interrogatories, they are a more practical method of obtaining the information sought than a deposition or a request for documents. The answers depend on the interrogatory, so the Court will review each interrogatory seriatim:
1. Interrogatory No. 1 seeks information about each position Plaintiff is alleged to have held at Zip and MH. In her response, Plaintiff refers to both an email concerning the terms and conditions of her employment as vice-president of operations, and a letter from Defendant Shoshani “stating Plaintiff's contributions in building the companys[sic].” Plaintiff is directed to produce both the email and the letter to Defendants. If she has not already done so in her document production, Plaintiff should also produce her curriculum vitae to Defendants, as it would presumably include the dates of her employment. As to the other subcategories, subcategory (v), which requires “a brief description of [y]our role and responsibilities in each position [y]ou held,” is more appropriately addressed at Plaintiff's deposition and need not be responded to here. More broadly, the topic of Plaintiff's employment at Zip and MH is better addressed at Plaintiff's deposition.
2. Interrogatory No. 2 seeks information regarding Plaintiff's educational background prior to 2007. While it is true that this interrogatory exceeds the scope of Local Rule 33.3(a), as Plaintiff notes in her objections, the easiest way to provide this information is to provide a curriculum vitae, which presumably would include Plaintiff's educational background. That is all Plaintiff is required to do in response to this interrogatory.[2]
3. Interrogatory No. 3 seeks information regarding Plaintiff's “background and qualifications in the aviation industry prior to 2007.” This interrogatory is not the most practical method of obtaining this information and should instead be pursued at Plaintiff's deposition. No further response to this interrogatory is required at this time.
4. Interrogatory No. 4 seeks the identification of “every lawsuit [Plaintiff] ha[s] filed, or been a plaintiff in, at any time.” While again this interrogatory exceeds the scope of Local Rule 33.3(a), it would be more practical for Plaintiff to provide a list of any and all lawsuits that she has been involved in as a plaintiff rather than have to commit them to memory and provide such a list through deposition testimony. See, e.g., Mitre Sports Intern. Ltd. v. Home Box Office, Inc., 304 F.R.D. 369, 376 (S.D.N.Y. 2015) (interrogatories more practical discovery tool where inquiring party seeks information about numerous, specific transactions that do not require narrative answers) (citing In re Weatherford Int'l Sec. Litig., No. 11-CV-1646 (LAK) (JCF), 2013 WL 5788680 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 28, 2013)). Accordingly, Plaintiff is directed to provide a further response to this interrogatory.
5. Interrogatory No. 5 seeks a description of “each and every physical injury” that Plaintiff alleges was caused to her by Defendant Shoshani during the relevant time period.[3] While objecting to the interrogatory, Plaintiff provided a lengthy list in response. Any follow up to this response is best addressed at Plaintiff's deposition and no further response is required at this time.
*3 6. Interrogatory No. 6 seeks “every medical condition, disease, illness, injury, or disability” that Plaintiff has been diagnosed with during the relevant time period. As part of the response, Defendants seek a description of the nature of the condition, the nature of the treatment sought, the identity of the physicians or health care providers who diagnosed and treated Plaintiff, and other related information. This interrogatory is plainly objectionable under both Local Rule 33.3(a) and (b) (and may raise some issues with respect to whether this information should be provided subject to the confidentiality order in this case). In any event, Plaintiff did provide a meaningful response to this interrogatory, construing it as seeking information relevant to the computation of damages. No further response is required at this time. Defendants will obviously explore this subject at length at Plaintiff's deposition. Defendants may also seek authorizations for relevant medical records from Plaintiff. These are more practical ways to obtain the information sought in this interrogatory.
7. Interrogatory No. 7, related to and supplementing the previous interrogatory, seeks “every mental health or psychiatric condition” that Plaintiff has been diagnosed with during the relevant time period. This information is better obtained both through Plaintiff's deposition and through the production of medical records. No further response to this interrogatory is required at this time.
8. Interrogatory No. 8 seeks Plaintiff's “immigration status from 2007 through the present on a yearly basis.” This interrogatory again fails to comply with Local Rule 33.3(a) or (b) and is plainly a subject that Defendants will pursue at Plaintiff's deposition to the extent it is a permissible subject.[4]
 
Finally, the Court notes that “[d]iscovery under the Federal Rules is intended to reveal relevant documents and testimony, but this process is supposed to occur with a minimum of judicial intervention.” Zhao v. U.S. Dep't of Homeland Sec., No. 06-CV-106S (HBS), 2010 WL 4642929, at *3 (W.D.N.Y. Nov. 17, 2010) (citation omitted). While the parties in this case slumbered for many months, they have now woken up and since the pretrial conference in late August have already brought two discovery disputes for the Court to resolve.[5] The Court strongly encourages the parties to work together to resolve their disputes, rather than seek judicial intervention each time they disagree about something.
 
The Clerk is directed to close docket number 82 and mark it as granted in part and denied in part.
 
*4 SO ORDERED.
 
Footnotes
The third category of interrogatories, so-called “contention interrogatories,” see Local Rule 33.3(c), which can be served at the conclusion of other discovery, is not relevant to the present dispute.
Defendants request that Plaintiff describe her educational background “with particularity,” and use this phrase in interrogatories 3, 5, 6, and 7 as well. The Court does not understand this formulation, which is used most typically as a requirement for pleading fraud, see Fed. R. Civ. P. 9(b), and finds it to be vague.
Notably, Defendants do not seek a list of medical and hospital expenses, which would be within the provisions of Local Rule 33.3(a) as relevant to damages calculations.
The Court takes no position at this time as to whether Defendants should be permitted to inquire into Plaintiff's immigration status at her deposition, or otherwise. In employment cases, that topic is often considered to be improper, unless it is relevant to a material claim. See, e.g., EEOC v. First Wireless Grp., Inc., No. 03-CV4990 (JS) (ARL), 2007 WL 586720, at *3 (E.D.N.Y. Feb. 20, 2007) (“Discovery of immigration status – ... in an employment discrimination action – is a potential weapon for harassing and intimidating individuals.”); Avila-Blum v. Casa De Cambio Delgado, Inc., 236 F.R.D. 190, 191 (S.D.N.Y. 2006) (defendants precluded from inquiring into plaintiff's immigration status during deposition); see generally Ferrer v. Limpiex Cleaning Services, Inc., No. 3:19-CV-940 (JCH) (WIG), 2020 WL 1545734, at *1 (D. Conn. Apr. 1, 2020) (collecting cases).
The Court will be scheduling a telephone conference to address the pending dispute about Plaintiff's document production in the near future.