Doe v. Rollins Coll.
Doe v. Rollins Coll.
2019 WL 11703980 (M.D. Fla. 2019)
February 27, 2019

Spaulding, Karla R.,  United States Magistrate Judge

Failure to Produce
Social Media
Photograph
Video
Proportionality
General Objections
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Summary
The court found that ESI was relevant to the case and overruled the Plaintiff's objections to Defendant's requests for such information. The court ordered the Plaintiff to provide full and complete responses to the Defendant's requests for ESI related to the investigation and adjudication of the claims of sexual misconduct.
JOHN DOE, Plaintiff,
v.
ROLLINS COLLEGE, Defendant
Case No. 6:18-cv-1069-Orl-37KRS
United States District Court, M.D. Florida
Filed February 27, 2019
Spaulding, Karla R., United States Magistrate Judge

Order

*1 This cause came on for consideration without oral argument on the following motion filed herein:
MOTION: DEFENDANT'S MOTION TO COMPEL RESPONSES TO DEFENDANT'S FIRST SET OF INTERROGATORIES AND FIRST REQUEST FOR PRODUCTION (Doc. No. 40)
FILED: February 7, 2019
 
I. BACKGROUND.
On July 5, 2018, Plaintiff filed a complaint against Defendant Rollins College, alleging violations of Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, 20 U.S.C. § 1681 et seq., as well as a state-law breach of contract claim. Doc. No. 1. In his amended complaint, Plaintiff alleges that while he was a student at Rollins College, he was falsely accused of sexual misconduct by another Rollins student (“Jane Roe”). Doc. No. 14, at 3. Defendant investigated Ms. Roe's claims and concluded that Plaintiff had violated the school's Sexual Misconduct Policy. Id. at 26. Plaintiff alleges that the hearing and appeal process administered by Defendant resulted in an erroneous outcome based on the flawed and biased proceedings employed; Defendant committed gender bias and discrimination in the investigation and adjudication of Ms. Roe's allegations; and Defendant selectively enforces its sexual assault policies on the basis of gender. Id. at 36.
 
In the instant motion, Defendant seeks to compel Plaintiff to provide full and complete responses to its first set of interrogatories and to produce documents responsive to its first request for production. Doc. No. 40. Specifically, Defendant seeks responses to Interrogatories 5, 6, and 7, as well as documents responsive to Requests 3 and 9. Id. Plaintiff has filed a response to the motion. Doc. No. 41. Accordingly, the matter is ripe for review.
 
II. APPLICABLE LAW.
Under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, discovery is permitted to obtain “any nonprivileged matter that is relevant to any party's claim or defense.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(1). The party requesting discovery has the burden of demonstrating the relevance of the discovery requests. See Stern v. O'Quinn, 253 F.R.D. 663, 670 (S.D. Fla. 2008). When the discovery requests seek relevant information, the responding party has the burden of showing that the discovery is improper, unreasonable, or burdensome. The responding party “must show specifically how the requested discovery is burdensome, overbroad, or oppressive by submitting detailed affidavits or other evidence establishing the undue burden.” Wagner v. Viacost.com, No. 06-81113-CIV, 2007 WL 1879914, at *1 (S.D. Fla. June 29, 2007).
 
Objections asserted that are not addressed in a response to a motion to compel are deemed to have been abandoned. See, e.g., Jackson v. Geometrica, Inc., No. 3:04-cv-640-J-20HTS, 2006 WL 213860, at *1 (M.D. Fla. Jan. 27, 2006). General objections to discovery requests as a whole are not proper. See, e.g., Fed. R. Civ. P. 33(b)(4) (the grounds for objecting to each interrogatory must be stated with specificity); Fed. R. Civ. P. 34(b)(2)(B) (the response to each request for production must state that inspection will be permitted and documents produced or state an objection to the request including the reasons for the objection).
 
III. ANALYSIS.
A. Relevance of Discovery Sought.
*2 As an initial matter, Plaintiff objects to the information sought in some of Defendant's interrogatories because Defendant “seeks to obtain information about what actually occurred between [Plaintiff] and Jane Roe on the night of the Incident,” which Plaintiff contends is not relevant to his claims in this case. Doc. No. 41, at 2. Defendant argues that the events surrounding the underlying incident are relevant and discoverable because Plaintiff placed those underlying facts at issue in his complaint and those facts relate to both the erroneous outcome and breach of contract claims. Doc. No. 40, at 4–5.
 
Erroneous outcome claims allege that “the plaintiff was innocent and wrongly found to have committed an offense.” Yusuf v. Vassar Coll., 35 F.3d 709, 715 (2d Cir. 1994). “To state a claim for erroneous outcome discrimination, a plaintiff must allege (1) ‘a procedurally or otherwise flawed proceeding’; (2) ‘that has led to an adverse and erroneous outcome’; and (3) ‘particular circumstances suggesting that gender bias was a motivating factor behind the erroneous finding.’ ” Doe v. Salisbury Univ., 123 F. Supp. 3d 748, 766 (D. Md. 2015) (quoting Yusuf, 35 F.3d at 715).
 
In Count I of the amended complaint, Plaintiff alleges that the proceeding administered by Defendant resulted in an erroneous outcome because Defendant presumed Plaintiff guilty from the beginning of the case; it acted with impermissible gender bias; and it discriminated against Plaintiff based on his gender by, among other things, failing to conduct a full and fair investigation and ignoring significant evidence. Doc. No. 14, at 32–34. Accordingly, because Plaintiff's erroneous outcome claim relates to whether Defendant properly found him responsible for the underlying incident and contests that Defendant considered all of the pertinent evidence related to that claim, it appears that discovery related to the facts concerning the underlying incident are discoverable.[1]
 
The facts of the underlying incident are also relevant to Plaintiff's breach of contract claim. Plaintiff argues that because his breach of contract claim only relates to Defendant's bias or procedural flaws in the investigation, which encompass only the evidence uncovered during Defendant's investigation and do not relate to the merits of Ms. Roe's allegations, the merits of the underlying incident are irrelevant. Doc. No. 41, at 5–6. Defendant, on the other hand, contends that Plaintiff's complaint puts both the events leading up to the incident and the incident itself at issue. Doc. No. 40, at 5–6.
 
*3 In Count III of the amended complaint, Plaintiff alleges that Defendant violated its Sexual Misconduct Policy by, among other things: (1) employing a biased investigator, who based his report on rumor, innuendo and hearsay “in spite of significant contrary evidence” and failed to give Plaintiff an opportunity to cross-examine or question Jane Roe; (2) considering Plaintiff's prior sexual history in violation of the policy; and (3) finding Plaintiff responsible without sufficient evidence because there was no physical evidence, and the circumstantial evidence contradicted Ms. Roe's allegations. Doc. No. 14, at 44–45. Because these allegations dispute the sufficiency of the evidence against Plaintiff, and question how Defendant utilized the evidence in its investigation, the facts regarding the underlying incident are relevant to Plaintiff's claims. Accordingly, Plaintiff's general relevancy objections are overruled.
 
B. General Objections.
Plaintiff also asserts the following general objections to Defendant's first set of interrogatories and first requests for production:
1) Plaintiff objects to each instruction, definition, and request to the extent that it purports to impose any requirement or discovery obligation greater than or different from those under the Rules of Civil Procedure and the applicable Rules and Orders of the Court.
2) Plaintiff objects to each request that is overly broad, unduly burdensome, or not reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence.
3) Plaintiff objects to each instruction, definition, and request to the extent that it seeks information protected from disclosure by the attorney-client privilege, deliberative process privilege, attorney work product doctrine, or any other applicable privilege. Should any such disclosure by Plaintiff occur, it is inadvertent and shall not constitute a waiver of any privilege.
4) Plaintiff objects to each instruction, definition, and request as overbroad and unduly burdensome to the extent it seeks information that is readily or more accessible to Defendant from Defendant's own files, from documents or information in Defendant's possession, or from documents or information that Defendant previously produced to Plaintiff. Responding to such request would be oppressive, unduly burdensome, and unnecessarily expensive, and the burden of responding to such and request is substantially the same or less for Defendant as for Plaintiff. This objection encompasses, but is not limited to, all correspondence between the Plaintiff and Defendant. All such documents and information will not be produced.
6) To the extent any of Defendant's requests seek documents or answers that include expert material, Plaintiff objects to any such request as premature and expressly reserves the right to supplement, clarify, revise, or correct any or all responses to such requests, and to assert additional objections or privileges, in one or more subsequent supplemental response(s) in accordance with the time period for exchanging expert reports set by the Court.
7) Plaintiff incorporates by reference every general objection set forth above into each specific response set forth below. A specific response may repeat a general objection for emphasis or some other reason. The failure to include any general objection in any specific response does not waive any general objection to that request. Moreover, Plaintiff does not waive their right to amend these responses.
See Doc. No. 40, at 12.
 
General or blanket objections should be used only when they apply to every discovery request at issue. Here, these general objections do not apply to all of Defendant's discovery requests. For example, Plaintiff has not established that any information sought would be privileged or protected and, thus, the third general objection based on privileges and protections does not appear to apply to any of the discovery requests at issue. See Mullins v. Encore Senior Living II, LLC, No. 3:07-cv-325/WS/EMT, 2007 WL 4098851, at *1 n.1 (N.D. Fla. Nov. 16, 2007) (“[A] baldfaced assertion [of privilege or protection] is insufficient....” (quoting Peat, Marwick, Mitchell & Co. v. West, 748 F.2d 540, 542 (10th Cir. 1984))). Similarly, the sixth general objection pertains to expert materials, while none of the interrogatories or requests at issue in the instant motion to compel encompass expert-related materials. Additionally, not all of Defendant's discovery requests are overbroad or unduly burdensome, as stated in the second objection. Therefore, these general objections are overruled. The Court will consider these objections only to the extent such objection is asserted in response to a specific request for production or interrogatory and supported in the response to the motion to compel. See Desoto Health & Rehab, L.L.C. v. Philadelphia Indem. Ins. Co., No. 2:09-cv-599-FtM-99SPC, 2010 WL 2330286, at *1 (M.D. Fla. June 10, 2010).
 
C. Interrogatory No. 5.
*4 Defendant served the following interrogatory on Plaintiff:
Did you consume any alcoholic beverages or take any drugs or medication within 12 hours before the time of the Incident described in the Amended Complaint? If so, state the type and quantity of alcoholic beverages, drugs, or medication that were consumed, and when and where you consumed them.
Plaintiff responded:
Plaintiff objects on the grounds that the interrogatory is overly broad and seeks information not relevant to the case. Plaintiff is asserting that the school's disciplinary proceedings produced an erroneous outcome in violation of Title IX [Yusuf v. Vassar Coll.], 35 F.3d 709, 715 (2d Cir. 1994). The actual “guilt” or “innocence” of Plaintiff in terms of the allegations that he sexually assaulted Jane Doe is not relevant. Under [Yusuf], a Title IX claimant may challenge the accuracy of a disciplinary proceeding by “alleg[ing] particular procedural flaws affecting the proof.” 35 F.3d at 715. See Doe v. Brown Univ., 210 F. Supp. 3d 310,313 (D.R.I. 2016) (“It is not the Court's role to determine the facts of what happened between” accused student and alleged victim of sexual assault.”). Notwithstanding and without waiving the general objections or the specific objections, Plaintiffs states: Rollins received credible information that the Plaintiff engaged in sexual activity with Jane Roe while Plaintiff was intoxicated. Plaintiff told the investigator he drank “Jack and Coke,” beer, and champagne over the course of the evening.
Doc. No. 40, at 3.
 
As discussed above, Plaintiff's objection on relevancy grounds is overruled. Moreover, Plaintiff's complaint raises the issue of Plaintiff's and Ms. Roe's alcohol consumption prior to the incident. E.g., Doc. No. 14 ¶ 13. Accordingly, the information requested in Interrogatory No. 5 is relevant.
 
In addition, in response to Interrogatory No. 5, Plaintiff responded in part to the interrogatory while attempting to preserve his specific and general objections. Objections followed by a partial answer waive the objections unless the response explains with specificity what is being withheld. See Tardif v. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, No. 2:09-cv-537-FtM-29SPC, 2011 WL 1627165, at *2 (M.D. Fla. April 29, 2011) (noting that “courts have found that whenever an answer accompanies an objection, the objection is deemed waived ...”); Siddiq v. Saudi Arabian Airlines Corp., No. 6:11-cv-69-Orl-19GJK, 2011 WL 6936485, at *3 (M.D. Fla. Dec. 7, 2011). Because Plaintiff provided an answer responsive to Interrogatory No. 5 without specifically explaining what was withheld, his objections are overruled.
 
Accordingly, Defendant's motion to compel a full and complete response to Interrogatory No. 5 is GRANTED.
 
D. Interrogatory No. 6.
Defendant served the following interrogatory to Plaintiff:
Identify, state the street address, and state the telephone number for each person who has knowledge about, or possession, custody, or control of, any motion picture, videotape, photograph or recording pertaining to any fact or issue involved in this lawsuit; and describe as to each, what item such person has, the name and address of the person who took or prepared it, and the date it was taken or prepared.
*5 Plaintiff responded:
Plaintiff objects on the grounds that the interrogatory is overly broad and seeks information not relevant to the case. Plaintiff is asserting that the school's disciplinary proceedings produced an erroneous outcome in violation of Title IX [Yusuf v. Vassar Coll.], 35 F.3d 709, 715 (2d Cir. 1994). The actual “guilt” or “innocence” of Plaintiff in terms of the allegations that he sexually assaulted Jane Doe is not relevant. Under [Yusuf] a Title IX claimant may challenge the accuracy of a disciplinary proceeding by “alleg[ing] particular procedural flaws affecting the proof.” 35 F.3d at 715. See Doe v. Brown Univ., 210 F. Supp. 3d 310, 313 (D.R.I. 2016) (“It is not the Court's role to determine the facts of what happened between” accused student and alleged victim of sexual assault.”).
Notwithstanding and without waiving the general objections or the specific objections, and to the extent that the interrogatory is limited to information concerning the investigation and adjudication of the claim that Plaintiff committee[d] sexual misconduct, Plaintiff states that he is not aware of any such materials.
Doc. No. 40, at 6–7. As discussed above, Plaintiff's objection on relevancy grounds is overruled. Moreover, because Plaintiff provided an answer responsive to Interrogatory No. 6, but did not state with specificity what information was not being supplied, his objections are overruled. 40, at 7. Accordingly, Defendant's motion to compel a full and complete response to Interrogatory No. 6 is GRANTED.
 
E. Interrogatory No. 7.
Defendant served the following interrogatory to Plaintiff:
Identify each electronic device used by you from January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2017, including each laptop computer, desktop computer, cell phone, ipad, apple device, and any other electronic device used by you during this timeframe for communication, school work or any other purpose.
Plaintiff responded:
Plaintiff objects on the grounds that the interrogatory is overly broad and seeks information not relevant to the case, and is set forth for harassment purposes. Plaintiff further objects that the interrogatory is not proportional to the needs of the case, considering the importance of the issues at stake in the action, the amount in controversy, the parties’ relative access to relevant information, the parties’ resources, the importance of the discovery in resolving the issues; Plaintiff believes the burden or expense of the proposed discovery outweighs its likely benefit. See Excel Fortress Ltd. V. Wilhelm, No. CV-17-04297-PHX-DWL, 2018 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 197737, at *15 (Nov. 20, 2018) (Plaintiffs insistence on demanding the production of personal cell phone records with no connection to the claims asserted in the complaint renders this request ... overbroad.”).
Doc. No. 40, at 7–8.
 
Defendant explains that in the complaint, Plaintiff identified text messages between himself and Ms. Roe and that the evidence during the investigation included information from his personal electronic devices. Thus, Defendant asserts that it is “entitled to discover, what electronic devices and how many, Plaintiff owned and utilized during the relevant time period.” Doc. No. 40, at 8.
 
*6 In response, Plaintiff maintains that this request is overly broad, seeks irrelevant information and is set forth for harassment purposes. He also asks that the Court review Interrogatory No. 7 in light of a separate request for production of such devices by Defendant (“Request No. 6”). Plaintiff represents that it will answer Interrogatory No. 7 if Defendant withdraws Request No. 6. Doc. No. 41, at 7–8. However, because Request No. 6 is not a subject of the instant motion to compel, I decline to analyze these discovery requests jointly. By itself, Interrogatory No. 7 is not overly broad or unduly burdensome because it only seeks a list of Plaintiff's electronic devices used over a two-year period, which period is encompassing of the underlying investigation and the events leading thereto. See Doc. No. 14, at 3–19. Accordingly, Plaintiff's objections to Interrogatory No. 7 are overruled, and Defendant's motion to compel a full and complete response is GRANTED.
 
F. Request for Production No. 3.
In Request No. 3, Defendant seeks:
All correspondence and electronic communications of any kind sent to or from Plaintiff and any other person regarding the facts and incidents alleged in this Lawsuit.
Plaintiff responded:
Plaintiff objects on the grounds that the request is not proportional to the needs of the case, considering the importance of the issues at stake in this action, the amount in controversy, the parties’ relative access to relevant information, the parties’ resources, the importance of the discovery in resolving the issues; Plaintiff believes the burden or expense of the proposed discovery outweighs its likely benefit.
Doc. No. 40, at 9.
 
In response to the motion to compel, Plaintiff claims that he has provided documentation responsive to Request No. 3 and has informed Defendant that he has “no other documents related to the investigation or adjudication of the claims of sexual misconduct.” Doc. No. 41, at 10. Because Plaintiff has provided responsive documents to this request, his objections based on vagueness, overbreadth or undue burden are overruled. See, e.g., Spitznagel v. R & D Italia, LLC, No. 2:09-CV-824-FTM-36SPC, 2011 WL 13143144, at *4 (M.D. Fla. Apr. 14, 2011) (“[B]ecause Plaintiff objected to this Request, but then responded by providing responsive documents, it has waived any objection to producing documents responsive to this Request and if any further documents are in Plaintiff's possession, they are due to be produced.”). Plaintiff also states that insofar as Defendant seeks to obtain documents containing “communications ‘with individuals regarding the Incident’ with Jane Roe,” the request is not relevant under Yusuf. Doc. No. 41, at 10. As discussed above, however, Plaintiff's objection on relevancy grounds as to the facts pertaining to the underlying incident is overruled. Therefore, Defendant's motion to compel documents responsive to Request No. 7 is GRANTED.
 
G. Request for Production No. 9.
Finally, Defendant seeks to compel Plaintiff to respond to Request No. 9, which seeks:
Screen shot[s] of every comment, photograph and video posted by Plaintiff on any social media page owned or controlled by Plaintiff from January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2017, including all comments, photographs and videos posted in response to Plaintiff's posts.
Plaintiff responded:
Plaintiff objects on the grounds that the interrogatory is overly broad, seeks information not relevant to the case, and is put forward for harassment purposes. Plaintiff further objects that the interrogatory is not proportional to the needs of the case, considering the importance of the issues at stake in the action, the amount in controversy, the parties’ relative access to relevant information, the parties’ resources, the importance of the discovery in resolving the issues; Plaintiff believes the burden or expense of the proposed discovery outweighs its likely benefit. See Palma v. Metro PCS Wireless, Inc., 18 F. Supp. 3d 1346 (M.D. Fla. 2014) (request for “all posts to Plaintiffs’ social media accounts ... were overly broad, not reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence, and unduly burdensome); Ye v. Cliff Viessman, Inc., N.D. Ill. No. 14-cv-01531, 2016 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 28882, at *9-10 (Mar. 7, 2016) (“Courts are reluctant to compel all-encompassing social media requests unless they are limited in scope to content that is relevant to a claim or defense in the case.”).
*7 Doc. No. 40, at 10–11.
 
Defendant argues that the information sought is discoverable because Plaintiff's complaint includes allegations of social stigma and its effects on his employment opportunities and mental anguish and depression, the information is relevant to Plaintiff's damages and state of mind. Id. at 11–12. Plaintiff responds that this request is overbroad because it contains no subject-matter limitations and is not limited to posts related to the investigation or adjudication of the claims of sexual misconduct. Doc. No. 41, at 10.
 
Plaintiff's objection is well taken. “Although discovery provisions are broadly and liberally construed, a request still must be tailored to appear ‘reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence.’ ” See Palma v. Metro PCS Wireless, Inc., 18 F. Supp. 3d 1346, 1347 (M.D. Fla. 2014) (citing Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(1)). Defendant's request is not limited to a particular subject matter, nor has Defendant explained how a broad all-encompassing sweep of Plaintiff's social media is proportional to the needs of the case. See, e.g., id. (finding request for all posts from social media accounts for four-year period, including private messages send from social media sites, to be overbroad and overly burdensome; defendant had also not established relevance); cf. Excel Fortress Ltd. v. Wilhelm, No. CV-17-04297-PHX-DWL, 2018 WL 6067255, at *5 (D. Ariz. Nov. 20, 2018) (“Although some of Defendants’ cell phone records may be properly subject to discovery, Plaintiffs’ insistence on demanding the production of personal cell phone records with no connection to the claims asserted in the complaint renders this request—like so many of the others—overbroad.”).
 
Accordingly, Defendant's motion to compel documents responsive to Request No. 9 is DENIED.
 
IV. CONCLUSION.
Based on the foregoing, Defendant's Motion to Compel Responses to Defendant's First Set of Interrogatories and First Request for Production (Doc. No. 40) is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part. It is ORDERED that, on or before March 12, 2019, Plaintiff shall provide to Defendant full and complete sworn responses to Interrogatories 5, 6 and 7. It is further ORDERED that on or before March 12, 2019, Plaintiff shall also produce for inspection and copying documents and tangible things responsive to Request No. 3.
 
DONE and ORDERED in Orlando, Florida on February 27, 2019.
 
Footnotes
Plaintiff relies on several cases to argue that the relevant inquiry is not the actual guilt or innocence of the accused; according to Plaintiff, the only relevant inquiry is whether the institution's disciplinary processes are procedurally flawed. E.g., Doc. No. 41, at 4. However, none of the cases Plaintiff cites for this proposition address the discovery context, nor do they state that the underlying incident is irrelevant to a plaintiff's claim of a Title IX violation. See Doe v. Lynn Univ., Inc., 224 F. Supp. 3d 1288, 1292 (S.D. Fla. 2016); Prasad v. Cornell Univ., No. 5:15-cv-322, 2016 WL 3212079 (Feb. 24, 2016); Rolph v. Hobart & William Smith Colls., 271 F. Supp. 3d 386 (W.D.N.Y. 2017); Doe v. Brown Univ., 210 F. Supp. 3d 310, 313 (D.R.I. 2016); Yu v. Vassar Coll., 97 F. Supp. 3d 448, 461 (S.D.N.Y. 2015); Gomes v. Univ. of Maine Sys., 365 F. Supp. 2d 6, 14 (D. Me. 2005). Moreover, in a footnote, Plaintiff seems to acknowledge that Yusuf implicates the facts pertaining to the underlying allegations of sexual assault. See Doc. No. 41, at 3 n.1.